3) The explorers know they have a long desert trek to get back to
civilization. However, as noted in Problem 2), now they're low on jugs and
lower yet on water. As fortune would have it, there is a basin of water in the
temple. The basin holds 100 liters of water exactly, and is completely filled
to the brim when the explorers find it.

The problem is, this basin water is unknown to the explorers. Maybe the basin
is made of unsafe minerals, or maybe it has bacteria. Maybe it is considered
holy by the villagers, and drinking it is a crime. Maybe the water is cursed,
or maybe it just plain tastes bad. In any event, they want to take as little
as possible. The basin has a small spigot for easy draining.

Near the basin are some large, narrow-necked, heavy pottery jugs with no
straps nor handles. By using their own measured plastic jugs, they find that
each pottery jug can contain 10 liters of water, but the pottery jugs are
neither clear nor otherwise marked. Also, the pottery jugs are too awkward to
carry more than one at a time (especially when taking the big heavy gold box
too!). The explorers know that, if they drain out 40 liters of the basin
water, they have the maximum possible risk, and don't want to do that.
Ideally, they should dump their remaining water into the basin first, to
dilute the basin water and lower the risk. However, the basin starts 100% full
and no more can be added without spilling, and wasting, their fresh water.
Furthermore, their own plastic jugs are not designed for pouring, and trying
to put their fresh water into the pottery jugs will result in massive
spilling.

They decide on the safest strategy: They will open the spigot and pour one
liter of water per minute for forty minutes into the pottery jugs. At the same
time, they will carefuly top off the basin constantly with their own fresh
water at 1 liter per minute for forty minutes. This will give them four
pottery jugs with 10 liters of water each, filled with a diluted mix of basin
water and fresh water.

Question #3: Of the forty liters of water they leave with, how much of that
water is actually basin water?

Shinarae Lluminus